• This document is a Mac OS X manual page. Manual pages are a command-line technology for providing documentation. You can view these manual pages locally using the man(1) command. These manual pages come from many different sources, and thus, have a variety of writing styles.
• Find and delete files on your Mac. Use the sidebar of the Storage pane to sort through items by category, see how much space is used, and quickly find documents, apps, books, movies, backups, and other files.

Data Duplicator, convert and copy a file. Copy standard input to the standard output.

One of such distinctive and most used application on daily basis is “Pages”. Pages is a word processing and page layout utility of iWork suite developed by Apple. One can effectively use this word processing application over Mac and iOS based devices. In spite of easy-use features, Pages documents can be lost from Mac in many ways.

Macos Man Pages Locations

Input data is read and written in 512-byte blocks. If input reads are short, input from multiple reads are aggregated to form the output block. When finished, dd displays the number of complete and partial input and output blocks and truncated input records to the standard error output.

ascii, oldascii
The same as the unblock value except that characters are translated from EBCDIC to ASCII before the records
are converted. (These values imply unblock if the operand cbs is also specified.) There are two conversion maps for ASCII. The value ascii specifies the recommended one which is compatible with AT&T System V UNIX. The value oldascii specifies the one used in historic AT&T UNIX and pre-4.3BSD-Reno systems.
block
Treats the input as a sequence of newline or end-of- file terminated variable length records independent of input and output block boundaries. Any trailing new-line character is discarded. Each input record is converted to a fixed length output record where the length is specified by the cbs operand. Input records shorter than the conversion record size are padded with spaces. Input records longer than the conversion record size are truncated. The number of truncated input records, if any, are reported to the standard error output at the completion of the copy.

ebcdic, ibm, oldebcdic, oldibm
The same as the block value except that characters are translated from ASCII to EBCDIC after the records are converted. (These values imply block if the operand cbs is also specified.) There are four conversion maps for EBCDIC. The value ebcdic specifies the recommended one which is compatible with AT&T System V UNIX. The value ibm is a slightly different mapping, which is compatible with the AT&T System V UNIX ibm value. The values oldebcdic and oldibm are maps used in historic AT&T UNIX and pre-4.3BSD-Reno systems.
lcase Transform uppercase characters into lowercase characters.
noerror
Do not stop processing on an input error. When an input error occurs, a diagnostic message followed by the current input and output block counts will be written to the standard error output in the same format as the standard completion message. If the sync conversion is also specified, any missing input data will be replaced with NUL bytes (or with spaces if a block oriented conversion value was specified) and processed as a normal input buffer. If the sync conversion is not
specified, the input block is omitted from the output. On input files which are not tapes or pipes, the file offset will be positioned past the block in which the error occurred using lseek(2).
notrunc
Do not truncate the output file. This will preserve any blocks in the output file not explicitly written by dd. The notrunc value is not supported for tapes.
osync
Pad the final output block to the full output block size. If the input file is not a multiple of the output block size after conversion, this conversion forces the final output block to be the same size as preceding blocks for use on devices that require regularly sized blocks to be written. This option is incompatible with use of the bs=n block size specification.
sparse
If one or more output blocks would consist solely of NUL bytes, try to seek the output file by the required space instead of filling them with NULs, resulting in a sparse file.
swab
Swap every pair of input bytes. If an input buffer has an odd number of bytes, the last byte will be ignored during swapping.
sync
Pad every input block to the input buffer size. Spaces are used for pad bytes if a block oriented conversion value is specified, otherwise NUL bytes are used.
ucase Transform lowercase characters into uppercase characters.
unblock
Treats the input as a sequence of fixed length records independent of input and output block boundaries. The length of the input records is specified by the cbs operand. Any trailing space characters are discarded and a newline character is appended.

Where sizes are specified, a decimal, octal, or hexadecimal number of bytes is expected. If the number ends with a b, k, m, g, or w, the number is multiplied by 512, 1024 (1K), 1048576 (1M), 1073741824 (1G) or the number of bytes in an integer, respectively. Two or more numbers can be separated by an x to indicate a product.

When finished, dd displays the number of complete and partial input and output blocks, truncated input records and odd-length byte-swapping blocks to the standard error output. A partial input block is one where less than the input block size was read. A partial output block is one where less than the output block size was written. Partial output blocks to tape devices are considered fatal errors. Otherwise, the rest of the block will be written. Partial output blocks to character devices will produce a warning message. A truncated input block is one where a variable length record oriented conversion value was specified and the input line was too long to fit in the conversion record or was not newline ter- minated.

Normally, data resulting from input or conversion or both are aggregated into output blocks of the specified size. After the end of input is reached, any remaining output is written as a block. This means that the final output block might be shorter than the output block size.

The name dd is thought to be an allusion to the DD statement found in IBM's Job Control Language (JCL), where the acronym stands for 'Data Description'.

If dd receives a SIGINFO signal, the current input and output block counts will be written to the standard error output in the same format as the standard completion message. If dd receives a SIGINT signal, the current input and output block counts will be written to the standard error output in the same format as the standard completion message and dd will exit.

Examples:

Clone the drive sda onto drive sdb:
$ dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb

Clone the drive hda onto an image file:
$ dd if=/dev/hda of=/image.img

Pages Macos Big Sur

Copy a CD or DVD disc to a .iso image file, first unmounting the disc:
sudo umount /dev/dvd-device
dd if=/dev/dvd-device of=dvd.iso bs=2048 conv=sync,notrunc
# dvd-device will typically be dvd for a dvd disc or cdrom for a cdrom disc.

Clone a hard drive to a zipped image file in 100Mb blocks:
$ dd if=/dev/hda bs=100M | gzip -c > /image.img

Create a 10 KB file filled with random data (10 x 1K blocks):
$ dd if=/dev/random of=random.bin bs=1024 count=10

Completely wipe the hard drive hdz by overwriting it with random data:
$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/hdz

“Success isn't something you chase. It's something you have to put forth the effort for constantly. Then maybe it'll come when you least expect it. Most people don't understand that” - Michael Jordan

Related macOS commands:

Apple Disk Utility can create DMG files or ISO files (select the 'CD/DVD Master' option)
cp - Copy one or more files to another location.
cpio - Copy files to and from archives.
hdiutil - Manipulate iso disk images.
install - Copy files and set attributes.
mv - Move or rename files or directories.
tr - Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters.

This list of fonts contains every font shipped with Mac OS X 10.0 through macOS 10.14, including any that shipped with language-specific updates from Apple (primarily Korean and Chinese fonts). For fonts shipped only with Mac OS X 10.5, please see Apple's documentation.

System fonts up to Mac OS X 10.7[edit]

New fonts added with OS X 10.10 Yosemite[edit]

The following system fonts have been added with Yosemite:

• ITC Bodoni 72: Book, Italic, Bold (these three in separate fonts with lining and text figures), Small Caps, Ornaments (Sumner Stone)
• ITF Devanagari
• Kohinoor Devanagari (Satya Rajpurohit)
• Luminari (Philip Bouwsma)
• Phosphate: Inline and Solid (Steve Jackaman & Ashley Muir)
• Shree Devanagari 714 (Modular Infotech)
• SignPainter (House Industries)
• Skia: Light, Light Condensed, Light Extended, Condensed, Extended, Bold, Black, Black Condensed, Black Extended (Matthew Carter; system previously only included regular)
• Sukhumvit Set: Thin, Light, Text, Medium, SemiBold, Bold (Anuthin Wongsunkakon; previously used as a system font for iOS 7.0^[1])
• Bitstream Symbols
• Trattatello (James Grieshaber)

New fonts added with OS X 10.11 El Capitan[edit]

At least the following system fonts have been added with El Capitan:

• PingFang SC / PingFang TC / PingFang HK, a new set of Chinese UI Fonts produced by DynaComware in lieu of deprecated STHeiti Family.
• San Francisco UI / Display / Text.

Macos Man Pages

New fonts added with macOS 10.12 Sierra[edit]

At least the following system fonts have been added with Sierra:

• Toppan Bunkyu Mincho Pr6N Regular
• Toppan Bunkyu Midashi Minchoi StdN ExtraBold
• Toppan Bunkyu Gothic Pr6N Regular / Demibold
• Toppan Bunkyu Midashi Gothic StdN Extrabold
• Monotype LingWai Medium (SC / TC)
• Songti (SC / TC)
• Yu Kyokasho N (Medium / Bold) (Vertical Version / Horizontal Version)
• San Francisco Mono

New fonts added with macOS 10.13 High Sierra[edit]

High Sierra added several system fonts or additional weights of existing system fonts:

• Charter (Roman, Italic, Bold, Bold Italic, Black, Black Italic)
• DIN (Alternate Bold, Condensed Bold)
• Hiragino Kaku Gothic StdN W8
• InaiMathi (Bold)
• Kai (Regular)
• Kaiti SC (Regular, Bold, Black)
• Myriad Arabic (Semibold)
• Noto Nastaliq Urdu
• Rockwell (Regular, Italic, Bold, Bold Italic)
• STIX Two Math
• STIX Two Text (Regular, Italic, Bold, Bold Italic)

macOS 10.14 Mojave[edit]

No new fonts were provided with Mojave.

Font appearances[edit]

• These images compare Roman fonts only, in most styles:

• The fonts in the following list were included as 'extras' with AppleWorks 6,^[2] which was bundled with new iMacs until 2006.^[3]

Hidden fonts[edit]

A number of fonts have also been provided with iMovie, iLife, iDVD and other Apple applications in hidden folders, for the sole use of these applications. The reason why these fonts are hidden is unknown, with licensing issues suggested as the cause. However, one may easily install them for use by all applications by copying them out of their Library directories and installing them as with any third-party font, although one should always check that the license for the fonts allows them to be used outside the given software.^[4]

Notable hidden fonts on macOS include Bank Gothic, Bodoni, Century Gothic, Century Schoolbook, Garamond, several cuts of Lucida and Monotype Twentieth Century.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^Sakawee, Saiyai (December 16, 2013). 'Apple could be bringing back the old Thai font in iOS 7.1 update'. www.techinasia.com. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
2. ^Elferdink, Jim & David Reynolds, AppleWorks 6: The Missing Manual, p. 422
3. ^Williams, Warren & Cathleen Merritt, AppleWorks Journal, March 2006, p. 7
4. ^Tomalty, Fletcher. 'Hidden fonts on Mac OS X'. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.

References[edit]

• Apple's font list for 10.3 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.4 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.5 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.6 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.7 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.8 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.9 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.12 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.13 (names only, no images)
• Apple's font list for 10.14 (names only, no images)

• Advanced Typography with Mac OS X Tiger (Appendix B contains representations of Latin fonts included with Mac OS 10.4 Tiger)
• Code Style's survey of Mac OS fonts (includes OS 8/9 users)
• Szántó Tibor: A betű (The type) (Hungarian; Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1982, ISBN963 05 0327 1), Chapter XVI.

External links[edit]